Efficacy of Solar Disinfection (SODIS) in Inactivating Viral Pathogens in Water, with Emphasis on Sars-Cov-2 - Review

Beni Jequicene Mussengue  Chaúque; Mussa  Issufo; Vitor Hugo Zeilmann  Guedes; Antônio Domingues  Benetti; Marilise Brittes  Rott

Beni Jequicene Mussengue Chaúque Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Mussa Issufo Center of Studies in Science and Technology (NECET), Biology Course, Universidade Rovuma, Niassa Branch, Lichinga, Mozambique
Vitor Hugo Zeilmann Guedes Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Antônio Domingues Benetti Hydraulic Research Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Marilise Brittes Rott Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Keywords: Fecal-oral contagion through water, Ultraviolet radiation, Heat, Waterborne viruses

Abstract

The detection of infectious viral particles in the excreta of infected people and the elucidation of the tropism of Sars-Cov-2 by other organs, including the digestive tract, raised health concerns, given the hypothesis of contagion via the fecal-oral route. While the debate on this hypothesis remains open and an increasing number of studies support this path of contagion, mainly through the ingestion of contaminated water, there is a growing concern about the health risk of poor communities, especially in developing countries. However, solar water disinfection (SODIS) can be an alternative for remediation of the contagion of Sars-Cov-2 through the water-mediated fecal-oral route. In this work, the e_ectiveness of SODIS as na alternative for remediation of Sars-Cov-2 contagion through water is critically reviewed. We found that the biological properties of Sars-Cov-2, namely, the stability of the genome, and the ability to remain infectious in environmental water matrices, with the precariousness of sanitation infrastructure and drinking water supply, make the chances of contamination by Sars-Cov-2 through drinking water to be high. SODIS is able to ensure the inactivation of Sars-Cov-2 in water, and can be e_ectively applied as an emergency and permanent measure to provide safe drinking water to underprivileged communities.

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