Mozambican Journal of Applied Sciences

A Short Review on African Horticultural Greenhouses

Edgar Manuel Cambaza — 2024-06-19

African horticulture is increasingly portable, and horticultural greenhouses have played a significant role in boosting yields, resource productivity, and income by optimizing crop production environments, preventing pests and crop exposition to undesired climatic condi- tions during critical periods. To characterize production systems, progress made, challenges and perspectives for African horticultural greenhouses. A search combining the terms "Africa", "horticulture" and "greenhouse"was conducted on Scilit with a meta-analysis of the extracted data performed on ATLAS.ti using the terms "benefit", "areas", "commodities", "labour", "irriga- tion", "soil fertility", "pest management", and "market" as key terms. Horticultural greenhouses have helped expand production, mainly to unfavourable climatic areas from the semi-arid territories in the Sahel to unimodal rainfall regions of Sub-Sharan Africa. As a result, the African horticultural sector annual earns c.a., US$ 2.7 billion, primarily from flowers, fresh vegetables, seed, and spices exported to Europe. Kenya, with 63%of the earnings share, followed by South Africa, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Uganda, are the primary producers. Large-scale farms build costly greenhouses while resource-constrained smallholders adhere to cheaper alternatives such as high tunnels. Low wages, the predominance of non-permanent jobs, gender inequali- ties, competing claims in water use for irrigation are among the most critical sectoral constraints. Growing investment in drip irrigation and rainwater storage are alternative solutions to counter water shortage. Horticultural greenhouses are likely to expand and improve substantially shortly, but there is a need to address labour, water use a access to investment funds by smallholders.

Avaliação do Efeito de Níveis de Escarificação por Ataque de Oídio (Oidium anacardii Noack) na Germinação da Semente Policlonal de Castanha de Caju

Majahene Majahene — 2024-06-19

The production of cashew seedlings is an extremely important activity for the revitalization of the cashew sub-sector at the country level and particularly for the province of Inhambane. Thus, the selection of healthy seed is essential to guarantee the obtainment of quality seedlings. In this work, the effect of scarification by powdery mildew attack on the germina- tion of polyclonal cashew nut seed was evaluated. The results indicate that chestnut scarifica- tion exerted a negative influence on the number of emerged plants. Based on the results, this study allows us to fulfill that the higher the level of seed scarification, the lower the number of seed that emerges / germinates. In line with these findings, it is recommended to use seed that has scarification levels closer to zero, in order to improve efficiency in the production of cashew seedlings in the nursery.

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Copper and pH Effects on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization after Compost Application

Zito Antonio — 2024-06-19

The study looked to evaluate the effects of two levels of copper in a sandy clay loam soil (of the order Aridisol), and of five levels of pH, on the velocity of nitrogen mineralization after incorpo- rating compost. The experiment underwent 10 treatments: five pH levels, and two copper levels (251 mg kg¯‘ and 345 mg kg¯‘) with five replications. Planter pots were set as the experi- mental unit, and were maintained in a greenhouse for 108 days at a temperature of 25 °C. They were watered to maintain field capacity. The nitrate (NO3¯) and ammonium (NH ) contents were measured five times at 0, 27, 54, 81, and 108 days after compost application. Analysis of variance of data and Tukey test (p≤0.05), showed that the factors copper concentration and time affected ammonium and nitrate concentrations. It can be concluded that time is the factor of greatest importance in the process of organic-N mineralization in soils with medium to moderately high total levels of copper. Time factor weakly interact with the soil copper content, and is independent of the pH in a range from moderately acid to moderately alkaline.

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Efficacy of Solar Disinfection (SODIS) in Inactivating Viral Pathogens in Water, with Emphasis on Sars-Cov-2 - Review

Beni Jequicene Mussengue Chaúque — 2024-06-19

The detection of infectious viral particles in the excreta of infected people and the elucidation of the tropism of Sars-Cov-2 by other organs, including the digestive tract, raised health concerns, given the hypothesis of contagion via the fecal-oral route. While the debate on this hypothesis remains open and an increasing number of studies support this path of contagion, mainly through the ingestion of contaminated water, there is a growing concern about the health risk of poor communities, especially in developing countries. However, solar water disinfection (SODIS) can be an alternative for remediation of the contagion of Sars-Cov-2 through the water-mediated fecal-oral route. In this work, the e_ectiveness of SODIS as na alternative for remediation of Sars-Cov-2 contagion through water is critically reviewed. We found that the biological properties of Sars-Cov-2, namely, the stability of the genome, and the ability to remain infectious in environmental water matrices, with the precariousness of sanitation infrastructure and drinking water supply, make the chances of contamination by Sars-Cov-2 through drinking water to be high. SODIS is able to ensure the inactivation of Sars-Cov-2 in water, and can be e_ectively applied as an emergency and permanent measure to provide safe drinking water to underprivileged communities.

Efeito de extractos de folhas de Eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulos) e Moringa (Moringa oleifera) no controlo de gorgulho (Sitophilus zea mais) do Milho (Zea mays) Armazenado no Sector familiar

Florência Celeste Jonasse — 2024-06-19

The loss of maize (Zea mays) resulting from pest attacks in the warehouse is estimated at 20% of the total harvest, with the black weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) being the main pest responsible for economic losses in the family sector in Mozambique. In order to evaluate the e_ciency of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulos) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extracts on the control of corn weevil (Zea mays) stored in the family sector, a trial was carried out in Inharrime District, Inhambane province from December 2021 to April 2022. The experimental design used was completely randomized (CCD) with seven treatments and _ve replications. The treatments were: Eucalyptus leaf extract at dosages of 45; 30; 15 kg/ton and Moringa leaves at 45; 30; 15 kg/ton of grain and control. Corn grains without application of any substance were considered control treatment. The Matuba maize variety, locally produced by the family sector, was used. For the experiment, the corn was divided into boxes with a capacity of 10 kg. The boxes simulated the storage conditions of traditional barns. The variables analyzed were percentage of infestation, pest density and mean degree of attack. ANOVA was performed using Fisher's test and the comparison of treatment means with Tukey's test, both at 5% signi_cance. The results obtained showed that the extracts of Eucalyptus and Moringa leaves showed a lower percentage of infestation at the dose of 45 kg/ton (22.93% 29.45.1%) compared to the control treatment with 82.7% at the end of 90 days of observation. The pest density was lower in the treatment with eucalyptus leaf extracts, which did not di_er with moringa leaf extract at the same dose. As for the average degree of attack, there were no statistically signi_cant di_erences between the extracts of eucalyptus and moringa leaves when compared to the control treatment that presented severe attack in stored corn (Zea mays).

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Avalição da Composição Química e Nutricional da Polpa do Fruto de Maphilwa (Vangueria infausta) usada na produção de Sumo

Alfredo Dique — 2024-06-19

The present research work aimed to develop juice based on Vangueria infausta pulp poder and to determine the preliminary chemical and nutritional composition. The juice production was arried out by the thermal processing method followed by blanching at a temperature of 90 °C, after pulping and lyophilization of the fresh fruit of Vangueria infausta. The chemical and nutritional composition in mineral content was determined by gravimetric methods and spectrophotometry of _ame, moisture, fats, ash, total _ber by gravimetric methods and prospection of the phytochemical composition, including antioxidant activity, by colorimetric methods, using molecular absorption spectrophotometer and chemical reagents. From the chemical and nutritional composition, it was possible to quantify the crude _ber present in 7.95%, ash in 7.77%, fats 0.5% w/p, the minerals Fe 10.59 (mg/100g), Ca 0.16 (mg/100g), Na 139.06 (mg/100g), K 1424.47 (mg/100g) the most expressive and P with 0.060% (m/m) was the least expressive of the sample, alkaloids, compounds phenolics and _avonoids the antioxidant activity is present in 15%, and the presence of phenolic compounds in this fruit are responsible for this activity. This study aims to evaluate the chemical-nutritional composition of the pulp of the maphilwa fruit (Vangueira infausta) used in the production of juice, in order to value and encourage the consumption of unconventional foods (based on native plants) in communities.

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